• Home
    • IB Geography Intro
    • Assessment Outline >
      • Mark Bands
      • Command Terms
    • Concepts in IB Geography
  • IB Geo Units
    • The Core >
      • 1. Changing Population >
        • 1. Population and economic development patterns
        • 2. Changing population & places
        • 3. Challenges & opportunities
      • 2. Global Climate Change >
        • 1. Causes of climate change
        • 2. Consequences of climate change
        • 3. Responding to climate change
      • 3. Global Resource Consumption >
        • 1. Global trends in consumption
        • 2. The Impacts of changing trends in resource consumption
        • 3. Resource stewardship
      • Infographic Analysis
    • Options >
      • B. Oceans & Coastal Margins >
        • 1. Ocean–atmosphere interactions
        • 2. Oceans & Coastal Places
        • 3. Managing coastal margins
        • 4. Ocean management futures
      • D: Geophysical Hazards >
        • 1. Geophysical systems
        • 2. Geophysical Hazard Risks
        • 3. Hazard Risk and Vulnerability
        • 4. Future Resilience and Adaptation
      • E. Leisure, Tourism & Sport >
        • 1. Changing leisure patterns
        • 2. Tourism and sport at the local and national scale
        • 3. Tourism & sport at the international scale
        • 4. Managing tourism and sport for the future
      • F. Food & Health >
        • 1. Measuring Food & Health
        • 2. Food Systems & Spread of Disease
        • 3. Stakeholders in Food & Health
        • 4. Future Health & Food Secuirty
      • G. Urban Environments >
        • 1. The variety of urban environments
        • 2. Changing urban systems
        • 3. Urban stresses
        • 4. Sustainable Cities
    • Global Interactions >
      • 4. Power, Place and Networks >
        • 1. Global interactions and global power
        • 2. Global networks and flows
        • 3. Human and physical influences on global interactions
      • 5. Human development and diversity >
        • 1. Development opportunities
        • 2. Changing identities and cultures
        • 3. Local responses to global interactions
      • 6. Global risks and resilience >
        • 1. Geopolitical and economic risks
        • 2. Environmental risks
        • 3. Local and global resilience
    • Case Studies
    • Internal Assessment >
      • Ko Samet Introduction
      • Butlers Model
      • Fieldwork Prep
      • Report Prep Resources
    • Geographic Skills >
      • GPS - Geographic Proficiency Skills
      • Map Skills
      • Written Skills
      • Analytical Skills
      • Field Work Skills
    • Revision
  • MYP I&S
    • Y9 I&S >
      • Unit 1: Sustainable Futures >
        • 1. Introducing Sustainability
        • 2. Visioning Our Future
        • 3. Creating Sustainable Futures
      • Unit 2: Money Matters
      • Unit 3: Conflict
      • Y9 Current Events
    • Y10 I&S >
      • Castaway - Intro Activity
      • Unit 1: Oceans - The Big Blue
      • Unit 2: It's All Connected
      • Unit 3: Social Enterprises
      • Unit 4: Catalysts for Change
      • Unit 5: IDU - Expressions for Change
      • UN SDGs
      • Current Events
    • Y11 I&S >
      • Unit 1: Development
      • Unit 2: The Psychology of Marginalization
      • Unit 3: The Russian Revolution
  • Geo@NIST
    • Support Resources
    • Extended Essay
    • Geo Inspiration
    • Why Geography?
  • Contact
  • Home
    • IB Geography Intro
    • Assessment Outline >
      • Mark Bands
      • Command Terms
    • Concepts in IB Geography
  • IB Geo Units
    • The Core >
      • 1. Changing Population >
        • 1. Population and economic development patterns
        • 2. Changing population & places
        • 3. Challenges & opportunities
      • 2. Global Climate Change >
        • 1. Causes of climate change
        • 2. Consequences of climate change
        • 3. Responding to climate change
      • 3. Global Resource Consumption >
        • 1. Global trends in consumption
        • 2. The Impacts of changing trends in resource consumption
        • 3. Resource stewardship
      • Infographic Analysis
    • Options >
      • B. Oceans & Coastal Margins >
        • 1. Ocean–atmosphere interactions
        • 2. Oceans & Coastal Places
        • 3. Managing coastal margins
        • 4. Ocean management futures
      • D: Geophysical Hazards >
        • 1. Geophysical systems
        • 2. Geophysical Hazard Risks
        • 3. Hazard Risk and Vulnerability
        • 4. Future Resilience and Adaptation
      • E. Leisure, Tourism & Sport >
        • 1. Changing leisure patterns
        • 2. Tourism and sport at the local and national scale
        • 3. Tourism & sport at the international scale
        • 4. Managing tourism and sport for the future
      • F. Food & Health >
        • 1. Measuring Food & Health
        • 2. Food Systems & Spread of Disease
        • 3. Stakeholders in Food & Health
        • 4. Future Health & Food Secuirty
      • G. Urban Environments >
        • 1. The variety of urban environments
        • 2. Changing urban systems
        • 3. Urban stresses
        • 4. Sustainable Cities
    • Global Interactions >
      • 4. Power, Place and Networks >
        • 1. Global interactions and global power
        • 2. Global networks and flows
        • 3. Human and physical influences on global interactions
      • 5. Human development and diversity >
        • 1. Development opportunities
        • 2. Changing identities and cultures
        • 3. Local responses to global interactions
      • 6. Global risks and resilience >
        • 1. Geopolitical and economic risks
        • 2. Environmental risks
        • 3. Local and global resilience
    • Case Studies
    • Internal Assessment >
      • Ko Samet Introduction
      • Butlers Model
      • Fieldwork Prep
      • Report Prep Resources
    • Geographic Skills >
      • GPS - Geographic Proficiency Skills
      • Map Skills
      • Written Skills
      • Analytical Skills
      • Field Work Skills
    • Revision
  • MYP I&S
    • Y9 I&S >
      • Unit 1: Sustainable Futures >
        • 1. Introducing Sustainability
        • 2. Visioning Our Future
        • 3. Creating Sustainable Futures
      • Unit 2: Money Matters
      • Unit 3: Conflict
      • Y9 Current Events
    • Y10 I&S >
      • Castaway - Intro Activity
      • Unit 1: Oceans - The Big Blue
      • Unit 2: It's All Connected
      • Unit 3: Social Enterprises
      • Unit 4: Catalysts for Change
      • Unit 5: IDU - Expressions for Change
      • UN SDGs
      • Current Events
    • Y11 I&S >
      • Unit 1: Development
      • Unit 2: The Psychology of Marginalization
      • Unit 3: The Russian Revolution
  • Geo@NIST
    • Support Resources
    • Extended Essay
    • Geo Inspiration
    • Why Geography?
  • Contact

Geographic Skills

Picture
Introduction

​Geographic skills are essential to the study of geography and reflect the subject’s distinctive methodology and approach. Teaching and learning these skills enriches the students’ understanding of geography and enables them to apply and use appropriate techniques and terminology. It is essential that the skills should be covered throughout the whole syllabus and that they are introduced and integrated where appropriate, depending on the context, in the different themes and the SL/HL core and HL extension. It is essential that the skills should be all taught at some stage of the course and are not treated in isolation.
Students are expected to demonstrate competence in the use of geographic skills in examination papers and internal assessment as appropriate. Those skills indicated below in italics are not assessed in the externally assessed examination papers.  It is recognized that the ability to use GIS as a tool is a valuable geographic skill that goes beyond many of those listed below. Where GIS is accessible and practical, its use is encouraged. 

Skills Videos

Annotated maps and diagrams

Annotated maps & diagrams from adorngeo

IB Geography Skills examples

Locate and differentiate elements of the Earth’s surface
Using:
  • direction
  • latitude
  • longitude
  • grid references and area references
  • scale
  • political units.

Interpret, analyse and, when appropriate, construct tables, graphs, diagrams, cartographic material and images
All kinds of maps, including:
    • isoline and isopleth maps
    • choropleth maps
    • topological maps
    • dot maps
    • flow maps
    • thematic maps (including mental maps)
    • topographic maps
  • proportional symbols
  • aerial photographs
  • ground‑level photographs
  • satellite images
  • graphs, including scatter, line, bar, compound, triangular, logarithmic, bipolar graphs
  • pie charts
  • flow diagrams/charts
  • population pyramids
  • Lorenz curves
  • cross‑profiles (sections)
  • rose diagrams
  • development diamonds.

Undertake statistical calculations to show patterns and summarize information
Such as:
  • totals
  • averages (means, medians, modes)
  • frequencies
  • ranges of data (differences between maximum and minimum)
  • densities
  • percentages
  • ratios.

Research, process and interpret data and information
Types of data and information:
  • measures of correlation (including Spearman rank and chi‑squared)
  • measures of concentration and dispersion (including nearest neighbour and location quotients)
  • measures of spatial interactions
  • measures of diversity
  • indices and ratios (including Gini coefficient, ecological footprint, Human Development Index (HDI), dependency ratio)
  • textual information
  • observations
  • opinions, values and perceptions.
Processing and interpreting:
  • classify data and information
  • analyse data and information
  • describe patterns, trends and relationships
  • make generalizations and identify anomalies
  • make inferences and predictions
  • make and justify decisions
  • draw conclusions
  • evaluate methodology.

Collect and select relevant geographic information
Making:
  • observations, including field sketches and sketch maps
  • images.
Conducting:
  • interviews.
Taking:
  • measurements.

Evaluate sources of geographic information
In terms of:
  • accuracy
  • relevance
  • bias.

Produce written material (including essays, reports and investigations)
Presenting:
  • material in a clear and well‑structured way.
Responding:
  • appropriately to command terms.
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